0418 St Boniface I begins his reign as Catholic Pope
1694 Queen Mary II of England dies of smallpox after five years of joint rule with her husband, King William III.
1816 American Colonization Society organizes
1832 John Calhoun becomes first VP to resign (differences with President Jackson)
1837 Upper Canada Governor Francis Bond Head 1793-1875 approves raising of six regiments of incorporated militia to head off potential rebellion
1846 Iowa becomes 29th state
1849 M Jolly-Bellin discovers dry-cleaning, he accidentally upset lamp containing turpentine & oil on his clothing & sees cleaning effect
1850 Rangoon, Burma, destroyed by fire
1859 William Coldwell and William Buckingham publish first issue of The Nor'Wester at Fort Garry
1869 The Knights of Labor, a union of Philadelphia, PA tailors, hold the first Labor Day ceremonies in the US.
1869 William Finley Semple of Mount Vernon OH, patents chewing gum
1877 John Stevens, WI, applies for patent on flour rolling mill
1878 Pope Leo XIII encyclical on socialism
1879 North British Railway's train falls as Firth bridge collapses (Scot)
1887 Sir John Layton Jarvis, first British race horse trainer knighted
1897 Edmond Rostand's play, Cyrano de Bergerac, premieres in Paris.
1902 Trans-Pacific cable links Hawaii to US
1906 Ecuador adopts its constitution
1908 Over 100,000 people die when a massive earthquake and resulting tsunami flattens Messina, Italy.
1912 San Francisco Municipal Railway starts operation at Geary St (MUNI)
1915 San Francisco City Hall dedicated by Mayor James Rolph
1926 Imperial Airways begins England-India mail & passenger service
1929 Wilfred Wop May 1896-1952 flies first official air mail north to Aklavik NWT
1932 Henry Vernon 'Harry' Howell hockey player, defenseman, was born at Hamilton, Ontario
1934 Stalin used the assassination of an aide as an opportunity to execute more than one hundred officials, beginning a series of purges that eliminated most of the old Bolsheviks
