0283 St Gaius begins his reign as Catholic Pope

1538 Pope Paul III excommunicated England's King Henry VIII

1770 Ludwig Van Beethoven was born on Dec. 16, 1770 (baptized on Dec. 17, 1770)

1777 France recognizes independence of English colonies in America

1790 Aztec calendar stone discovered in Mexico City

1791 NYC traffic regulation creates the 1-way street system

1792 Opening of first legislative assembly of Lower Canada in Quebec city

1798 First impeachment trial against a US senator (Wm Blount, TN) begins

1807 The Milan Decree issued by Napoleon reiterates the paper blockade against British trade with the Continent

1843 Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol is first published.

1852 The first Hawaiian cavalry organized

1860 Anaheim Township created in Los Angeles County

1862 General US Grant issues order #11, expelling Jews from Tennessee

1875 Violent bread riots in Montreal

1894 Arthur Fiedler the conductor of The Boston Pops Orchestra was born

1895 Anti-Saloon League of America formed, Washington, DC

1895 George Brownell patents a machine to make paper twine (Mass)

1900 First prize of 100,000 francs offered for communications with extraterrestrials. Martians excluded-considered too easy

1903 At 10 35 AM, first sustained motorized aircraft flight (Orville Wright)

1914 Jews are expelled from Tel Aviv by Turkish authorities

1920 British Empire receives League of Nations mandate to Nauru

1920 Japan receives League of Nations mandate over Pacific islands

1920 South Africa receives League of Nations mandate over SW Africa

1924 First US diesel electric locomotive enters service, Bronx NY

1925 Colonel William "Billy" Mitchell court-martial for insubordination

1927 US sub 'S-4' sinks after collision kills all 34 aboard

1939 German pocket battleship Graf Spee scuttled by its crew off Uruguay

1939 The first elements of the first Canadian Dvision arrive in Britian

1941 German troops led by Rommel begin retreating in North Africa

1941 HMS THRACIAN, lost while in Hong Kong - ran aground, dry-docked but damaged by Japanese bombing, later beached. Salvaged and served in Japanese Navy

1942 Allies condemn the Nazis for murdering Jews.

1944 Japanese-Americans released from detention camps

1944 US Army announces end of excluding Japanese-Americans from West Coast

1946 US V-2 rocket reaches 183 km, White Sands Proving Grounds, NM

1947 New York struck by a blizzard, resulting with 27" of snow

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