1772 Moravian missionary constructs first schoolhouse west of Allegheny

1775 Continental navy organized with 7 ships

1783 Washington resigns his military commission

1807 An Embargo Act signed by President Jefferson prohibits all ships from leaving U S ports for foreign ports

1809 US passes Non-Intercourse Act; opens trade with all nations except Britain and France; to retaliate against Napoleon's Decrees and British blockade; causes commercial depression in Canada.

1815 Spaniards execute Mexican revolutionary priest Jose Maria Morelos

1845 The first voice synthesizer, later known as P.T. Barnum's Euphonium, was demonstrated to the public in Philadelphia on this day in 1845.

1849 Writer (Crime and Punishmen)Fyodor Dostoevsky is led before a firing squad and prepared for execution. He had been convicted and sentenced to death on November 16 for allegedly taking part in reprieved and sent into exile.

1859 In Winnipeg Manitoba the Nor'Wester newspaper is first published on the Canadian Prairies

1861 Sara Jeannette Duncan, journalist, novelist, was born at Brantford, Ontario, she joined the Toronto Globe in 1886-87, as its first female full time journalist

1864 HMS Bombay at Montevideo lost to fire off Montevideo, with the loss of nearly a hundred lives

1869 Newfoundlanders vote against joining Confederation. (later they see the error of their ways and join up)

1870 Jules Janssen, flies in a balloon in order to study a solar eclipse

1877 "American Bicycling Journal" begins publishing (Boston, Mass)

1877 Montreal Quebec-Laval University opens a branch campus in Montreal, later the University of Montreal

1885 Pope Leo XIII proclaims extraordinary jubilee

1894 French officer Alfred Dreyfus court-martialed for treason, triggers worldwide charges of anti-Semitism (Dreyfus later vindicated)

1897 Bering Sea Claims Commission recommends US pay Canadian sealers $463,454; to compensate for seizure of vessels.

1900 A new 35-horsepower car built by Daimler from a design by Emil Jellinek was completed. The car was named for Jellinek's daughter, Mercedes.

1910 US postal savings stamps first issued

1919 US deports 250 alien radicals

1922 Montreal Quebec official opening of the Mount Royal Hotel, with 1.046 rooms.

1936 The initial common carrier license issued by ICC, Scranton, Pa

1937 Lincoln Tunnel opens to traffic

1938 Lucien Bouchard, lawyer, politician, born at St-Coeur-de-Marie, Quebec was born

1939 125 die in train wreck at Magdeburg Germany; 99 die in 2nd wreck at Friedrichshafen Germany

1941 Japanese capture Sugar Loaf Hill at 12 noon, but Canadians from C Company of the Royal Rifles recapture the hill; later taken out to Stanley Fort down the peninsula, for a rest; will hold out until their ammunition, food and water are exhausted.

1941 Winston Churchill arrives in Washington for a wartime conference

1943 Canadian First Division surrounds Ortona, cuts off German retreat; starts week-long battle with savage house to house fighting.

1944 Germans demand surrender of American troops at Bastogne, Belgium

1947 Italian constituent assembly adopts new constitution

1950 2 self-propelled trains of Long Island RR collide, killing 77

1950 HMCS Athabaskan relieved for repairs and general maintenance; had performed carrier screen duty, escorted shipping, carried out blockade patrols and provided anti-aircraft protection and general support for the forces evacuating Inchon.

1952 The Canadian government announces plans to build the National Library of Canada in Ottawa

1959 New York Rangers goalie Marcel Paille wears a customized face mask during a game.

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