1377 Cardinal Robert of Geneva (anti-pope Clemens VII) starts term
1377 Mass execution of population of Cesena Italy
1488 Bartholomeus Diaz discovers Mosselbaai (Angra dos Vaqueros)
1547 Russian czar Ivan IV (17) marries Anastasia Romanova
1576 Henry of Navarre (future Henry IV) escapes from Paris
1591 German monarchy forms Protestant Union of Torgau
1653 Cardinal Mazarin returns to Paris from exile
1660 General Moncks army reaches London
1690 The first paper money in America issued (colony of Massachusetts)
1699 The colony of Massachusetts issues paper money for the first time in America, as it pays its soldiers fighting against Quebec.
1740 Charles de Bourbon, King of Naples, invites Jews to return to Sicily
1743 Philadelphia establishes a "pesthouse" to quarantine immigrants
1752 Dutch States-General forbid export of windmills
1781 Dutch West Indies island of St Eustatia taken by the British
1783 Spain recognizes the independent country calling itself the United States of America.
1809 Territory of Illinois organizes (including present-day Wisconsin)
1815 World's first commercial cheese factory established, in Switzerland
1825 Dutch North Sea coast floods
1836 Whig Party holds its first national convention (Albany NY)
1855 Wisconsin Supreme Court declares US Fugitive Slave Law unconstitutional
1860 Thomas Clemson takes office as first US superintendent of agriculture
1864 Sherman's march through Georgia
1865 Hampton Roads Peace Conference, Lincoln &Stephens reach an impasse
1867 Prince Mutsuhito, 14, becomes Emperor Meiji of Japan (1867-1912)
1870 15th Amendment (Black suffrage) passed
