1173 Pope Alexander III canonizes Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury
1431 England begins trial against Joan of Arc
1564 Philip II routes cardinal Granvelle to Franche-Comté
1574 Spanish garrison of Middelburg Netherlands surrenders
1583 Groningen Netherlands begins using Gregorian calendar
1598 Boris Godunov crowned tsar
1613 Michael Romanov, son of the Patriarch of Moscow, elected Russian tsar
1673 Michiel A de Ruyter appointed Lieutenant-Admiral-General of Dutch fleet
1675 Prince Willem III appointed viceroy of Gelderland
1764 John Wilkes thrown out of English House of Commons for "Essay on Women"
1777 English ambassador Joseph Yorke demands dismissal of Governor John de Graaff for saluting US flag
1782 US congress resolves the establishment of a US mint
1792 Congress passes Presidential Succession Act
1795 Freedom of worship established in France under constitution
1797 Trinidad, West Indies surrenders to the British
1804 First locomotive, Richard Trevithick's, runs for first time, in Wales
1828 First American Indian newspaper in US, Cherokee Phoenix (weekly), Georgia
1842 First known sewing machine patented in US, John Greenough, Washington DC
1846 First US woman telegrapher, Sarah G Bagley, Lowell MA
1853 US authorizes minting of $3 gold pieces
1857 Congress outlaws foreign currency as legal tender in US
1857 US issues flying eagle cents
1858 Edwin T Holmes installs first electric burglar alarm (Boston MA)
1861 Navaho Indians elect Herrero Grande as chief
1862 Confederate Constitution & Presidency are declared permanent
