1913 Franz Kafka stops working on "Amerika"; it will never be finished

1915 German-British sea battle at Doggersbank &Helgoland

1917 Ernest Borgnine Academy Award-winning actor Marty [1955], The Poseidon Adventure, The Dirty Dozen, McHale’s Navy was born

1918 Oral Roberts evangelist founder Oral Roberts University was born

1922 -54ºF (-48ºC), Danbury WI (state record)

1922 Eskimo Pie patented by Christian K Nelson of Iowa (not an Eskimo)

1922 Lehman Caves National Monument established

1923 Aztec Ruins National Monument, New Mexico established

1924 Mussolini disallows non-fascists work union

1924 Russian city of St Petersburg renamed Leningrad

1924 The Russian city of St. Petersburg is renamed Leningrad to honor the late revolutionary leader. It was later renamed back to St. Petersburg.

1925 Moving picture of a solar eclipse taken from dirigible over Long Island

1925 Sandler follows Branting as premier of Sweden

1930 J E Mills scores 117 on Test Cricket debut, New Zealand vs England, Wellington

1930 Stewie Dempster scores New Zealand's first Test century

1935 The first canned beer, "Krueger Cream Ale," is sold by Kruger Brewing Co in Richmond VA

1936 Benny Goodman &orchestra record "Stompin' at the Savoy" on Victor Records

1939 30,000 killed by earthquake in Concepcion Chile

1939 Spanish government moves to Figueras

1940 The Naval Secretary notifies Secretary of War Henry Stimson, "Hostilities would be initiated by a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor."

1941 British troops march into Abyssinia

1942 Battle of Makassar Strait, destroyer attack on Japanese convoy in first surface action in the Pacific during World War II

1942 In Ottawa Wartime Prices and Trade Board rations sugar to 3/4 lb per person per week; cut to 1/2 lb

1943 Hitler orders nazi troops at Stalingrad to fight to death

1943 Jewish patients/nurses/doctors incinerated at Auschwitz-Birkenau

1944 Allied troops occupy Nettuno Italy

1945 Scottish 52nd Lowland division occupies Heinsberg

1946 Canada is appointed to the UN Atomic Energy Commission, set up to control and promote the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes

1948 Australia all out 674 vs India (Bradman 201, Hassett 198*)

1948 Dutch Liberal Party forms-People's party for Freedom &Democracy (VVD)

1948 In the Philippine Islands a 8.2 earthquake occurred near the southwest coast of Panay. Over $3.5 million property damage was sustained in the islands, and 72 people were killed.

1949 John (Adam) Belushicomedian Second City improvisational troupe, original cast Saturday Night Live was born

1950 Jackie Robinson signs highest contract ($35,000) in Dodger history

1951 Dutch government Drees-van Schaik resigns

1952 Fire in main building of French Port Martin Antarctic base

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