1053 Norseman Robert Guiscard gains victory at Civitate over papal forces raised by Leo IX, who is captured Robert, 38, takes Benevento from the Byzantines and founds the Norman Empire that will rule southern Italy until 1194

1683 William Penn signs friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape indians in Pennsylvania; only treaty "not sworn to, nor broken"

1757 Robert Clive defeats Indians at Plassey, wins control of Bengal

1760 Battle of Landshut, Silesia

1775 First regatta held on Thames, England

1784 First US balloon flight (13 year old Edward Warren)

1810 John Jacob Astor organizes Pacific Fur Co (Astoria, Oregon)

1848 Bloody insurrection of workers in Paris

1860 Congress establishes the Government Printing Office

1860 US Secret Service created

1865 At Fort Towson, Gen Stand Watie surrenders last sizeable army

1868 Christopher Latham Sholes patents "Type-writer"

1885 NSW Contingent to Sudan disembarks at Sydney

1903 M Wolf discovers asteroid #512 Taurinensis

1924 V Albitzkij discovers asteroid #1022 Olympiada

1925 Landslides create 3-mile long "Slide Lake" (Gros Ventre Wyoming)

1927 Lou Gehrig hits 3 HRs in 11-4 victory over Red Sox

1930 Chicago Cubs beat Philadelphia Phillies 21-8

1931 Wiley Post &Harold Catty took off for flight around world

1938 Civil Aeronautics Authority (US) established

1938 Marineland opens in Florida-1st aquarium

1939 France turns over Sanjak of Alexandretta (the Hatay) to Turkey

1944 4 tornadoes strike Appalachia, killing 153

1947 Truman's veto of Taft-Hartley Act overridden by congress

1949 First 12 women graduate from Harvard Medical School

1951 British diplomats Guy Burgess &Donald Maclean flee to USSR

1951 Most expensive US hailstorm ($1.5M crop damage &$14M property-Kansas)

1955 Walt Disney's "Lady &the Tramp" released

1956 Gamal Abdel Nasser elected president of Egypt

1957 S B Nicholson discovers asteroid #1647 Menelaus

1961 USAF Maj Robert M White takes X-15 to 32,830 m

1967 LBJ &Alexei Kosygin hold first of 2 summit meetings in Glassboro, NJ

1967 US Senate censures Thomas J Dodd (D-Ct) for misusing campaign funds

1969 Joe Frazier beats Jerry Quarry for the heavyweight boxing title

1969 Warren E Burger sworn in as Supreme Court Chief Justice

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