1059 Henri I crowns his son compassionate King Philip I of France
1125 The Holy Roman Emperor Henry V dies at Utrecht at age 44 after leading an expedition against France's Louis VI and then against the citizens of Worms
1275 King Edward I of England orders cessation of persecution of French Jews
1420 Jews of Syria & Austria expelled
1430 Joan of Arc captured by Burgundians at Compiegne, who sell her to the British
1493 King Charles VIII & Maximilian I of Austria signs Peace of Senlis
1533 The marriage of England's King Henry VIII to Catharine of Aragin is declared null and void
1536 Pope Paul III installs Portugese inquisition
1544 German emperor Charles V recognizes king Christian III of Denmark
1555 Giampietro Caraffa elected Pope Paul IV
1568 Battle at Heiligerlee Dutch rebels beat Spanish, 100s killed
1576 Tycho Brahe given Hveen Island to build Uraniborg Observatory
1611 Matthias von Habsburg chosen king of Bohemia
1618 2nd Defenestration of Prague; the beginning of the 30 Years War
1618 Imperial civil servants thrown out a window of Prague Castle
1644 Johan Mauritius van Nassau resigns as head of Civil rights activists
1647 Willem II sworn in as viceroy of Holland
1660 King Charles II returns from exile sails from Scheveningen to England
1667 King Afonso VI of Portugal flees
1701 Captain Kidd hung in London after conviction of piracy & murder
1701 Captain William Kidd is hanged in Londo after being convicted of piracy and murder
1706 Battle of Ramillies-Marlborough defeats French; 17,000 killed
1774 Chestertown tea party occurs (tea dumped into Chester River)
1785 Benjamin Franklin announces his invention of bifocals
1788 South Carolina becomes 8th state to ratify US constitution
