1519 Magellan starts first successful circumnavigation of the world
1565 Spaniards capture Fort Caroline Fla and massacre the French
1664 Maryland enacts first anti-amaglmation law to prevent widespread intermarriage of English women and black men
1777 Paoli massacre
1792 French defeat Prussians at Valmy
1797 US frigate Constitution (Old Ironsides) launched in Boston
1850 Slave trade abolished in DC, but slavery allowed to continue
1854 British and French defeat Russians at Alma, in the Crimea
1859 Patent granted on the electric range
1860 First British royalty to visit US, Prince of Wales (King Edward VII)
1863 Civil War Battle of Chickamauga, near Chattanooga, Tenn, ends
1873 Panic sweeps NY Stock Exchange (railroad bond default/bank failure)
1877 Chase National Bank opens in NYC (later merges into Chase Manhattan)
1879 U. Grant comes to SF for elaborate extended visit
1881 Chester A Arthur sworn in as president
1884 6.2 mile Arlberg railroad tunnel completed in Austria
1884 Equal Rights Party nominates female candidates for Pres & VP
1899 In the Menderes Valley Turkey a 6.9 earthquake caused severe damage to buildings, bridges and railroad and telegraph lines in the Aydin-Denizli area.
1912 Official approval given for the establishment of a military Central Flying School
1943 HMCS ST CROIX (RCN),sunk by a new acoustic torpedoSE of Greenland by 2 torpedoes from German U.305.
1943 Rome is occupied by the Germans. The German Army now controls most of Italy.
1944 Death in action, while filming American troops on Peleliu, of Australian cameraman Damien Parer Parer made what has been considered Australia's most famous war film – Kokoda Front Line The film won an Academy Award and gave international exposure to the experiences of Australian soldiers in 1942 on the Kokoda Track
1945 German rocket engineers begin work in US
1951 First North Pole jet crossing
1954 First National People's Congress adopts Chinese constitution
