1245 First Council of Lyons (13th ecumenical council) opens

1609 Samuel de Champlain c1570-1635 sets out to explore Iroquois country, with 11 French and 60 Indians.

1635 French colony of Guadeloupe established in the Caribbean

1762 Catherine II ascends the throne of Russia.

1770 Quakers open a school for blacks in Philadelphia

1776 Charleston, SC repulses British sea attack

1778 Battle of Monmouth, NJ

1778 Mary Ludwig Hayes "Molly Pitcher" aids American patriots

1790 Forth and Clyde Canal opened. The 35 mile course from Bowling to Grangemouth was the longest of the Lowland canals. It was formally abandoned in 1962.

1794 Joshua Humphreys appointed master builder to build Navy ships at an annual salary of $2,000.

1814 USS Wasp captures HMS Reindeer

1838 Britain's Queen Victoria crowned in Westminster Abbey

1845 Another Quebec fire destroys the suburb of St. John and 1,300 houses.

1859 The first dog show held (Newcastle-on-Tyne, England)

1861 Leipzig Observatory discovers short-period (6.2 yrs) Comet d'Arrest

1862 Day 4 of the 7 Days-Battle of Savage's Station

1865 CSS Shenandoah captures 11 American whalers in one day

1874 Freedmen's Bank closes

1886 C H F Peters discovers asteroid #259 Aletheia

1894 Labor Day established as a federal employees holiday

1902 Congress authorizes Louisiana Purchase Expo $1 gold coin

1905 Russian sailors mutiny aboard the battleship "Potemkin"

1909 The first French air show, Concours d'Avation opens

1914 Assassination of the heir to the throne of Austria, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophia, in Sarajevo by a Serbian Nationalist,Gavrilo Princip. This incident precipitated a war with Serbia, eventually starting WW1

1918 The first flight between Hawaiian Islands

1919 Harry S Truman married Elizabeth Virginia Wallace in Independence

1919 Treaty of Versailles ending WW I signed and setting the stage for WWII

1924 Tornado strikes Sandusky Ohio &Lorain Ohio, killing 93

1928 Alfred E Smith (NY-Gov) nominated for president at Dem Convention

1929 The following railways are jointly acquired by Canadian National and Canadian Pacific and operated under a newly incorporated company, the Northern Alberta Railways Edmonton, Dunvegan &British Columbia Railway (447 miles) Alberta &Great Waterways Railway (286 miles) Central Canada Railway (98 miles) Pembina Valley Railway (26 miles) A total of 857 miles.

1930 Lightning strikes drill boat John B. King in the St. Lawrence River, setting off dynamite and killing 31 crew members.

1939 Pan Am opens southern route transatlantic air service (Dixie Clipper)

1940 Romania cedes Bessarabia to Soviet Union

1942 Germany and Italian Armies reach El Alamein, prepare for attack in Suez area.

1945 Polish Provisional Govt of National Unity set up by Soviets

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