1492 Jews are expelled from Spain by King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella

1619 First black American slaves (20 slaves) land at Jamestown, Virginia

1774 Priestly discovers oxygen

1776 Formal signing of the Declaration of Independence

1785 Caroline Herschel becomes first woman discoverer of a comet

1789 US Customs begins enforcing Tariff Act

1790 First US census (population of 3,939,214)

1798 British under Adm Horatio Nelson beat French at Battle of Nile

1808 British forces invade Portugal under Sir Arthur Wellesley, they defeat Gen Dupont August 21, but Wellesley's superiors prevent him from following up his victory

1812 A rare tornado hits Westchester County, NY

1838 Emancipation of British slaves on Bahamas

1852 SF Methodists establish first black church, Zion Methodist

1858 The first street mailboxes-Boston, Mass

1860 European and North American Railway opens from Saint John, NB to Shediac. The line became part of the Intercolonial Railway on July 1, 1867.

1864 2nd Saratoga Racetrack (NY) opens

1867 Blacks vote for first time in a state election in South (Tennessee)

1869 First raft voyage down Colorado River

1873 San Francisco - first cable car begins service

1873 The first trial run of SF cable car, Clay Street between Kearny & Jones

1876 Colorado becomes 38th state

1876 Wild Bill Hickok shot dead (from behind) by Jack McCall while playing poker. He held a pair of Aces & a pair of 8's

1877 SF Public Library opens with 5,000 volumes

1896 George Samuelson completes rowing the Atlantic (New York to England)

1901 Burial within San Francisco City limits prohibited

1903 First coast-to-coast automobile trip (San Francisco to New York ) completed

1903 Unsuccessful uprising of Macedonians against Turkey

1906 Chicago White Sox begin record 19 game win streak

1907 Bank of Italy opens first branch in San Francisco

1909 Army Air Corps formed as Army takes first delivery from Wright Brothers

1909 The first Lincoln head pennies minted

1914 Germany declares war on Russia in WW I

1916 Hawaii National Park established

1917 Frank Little, IWW organizer is lynched in Butte, Montana

1917 Start of Third Battle of Ypres – Australian soldiers in action at Menin Road, Glencorse Wood, Polygon Wood, Broodseinde Ridge and Passchendaele

1923 Pres Harding dies at Palace Hotel, SF

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