1838 The first official horse race in South Australia-Adelaide

1844 First edition of New Rotterdam's Daily (3x per week)

1846 Yucatan declares independence from México

1847 Michigan is first state to abolish capital punishment

1847 Netherlands Haarlem's Current newspaper starts publishing

1848 Britain takes Mosquito Coast from Nicaragua

1851 City of Glasgow steamer inaugurates Philadelphia-Liverpool line

1852 Netherlands begins issuing postage stamps

1852 The first US public bath opens in New York City NY

1853 The first practical fire engine (horse-drawn) in US enters service

1854 Lincoln University, a black college, chartered (Oxford PA)

1858 Canada begins using decimal currency system

1860 Slavery ends of in Netherlands Indies

1861 Porfirio Diaz conquers Mexico City

1861 President Lincoln declares slavery in Confederate states unlawful

1862 Battle of Fort McRee FL, Battle of Port Royal SC (Port Royal Ferry)

1862 The first US income tax (3% of incomes > $600, 5% of incomes > $10,000)

1863 Battle of Galveston, TX - Confederates recapture the city

1863 Battle of Helena AK

1863 Emancipation Proclamation (ending slavery) issued by Lincoln

1863 The first homestead under the Homestead Act claimed, near Beatrice NE

1871 Belgium disbands salt tax

1874 New York City annexes the Bronx

1877 England's Queen Victoria proclaimed empress of India

1880 Building of Panama Canal, begins

1881 Dr John H Watson is introduced to Sherlock Holmes

1882 William Cornelius Van Horne is appointed General Manager of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Van Horne succeeded in laying 480 miles of track across the Prairies in the summer of 1882.

1886 The first Tournament of Roses, Pasadena CA

1891 French troops occupy Nioro, West-Sudan, 3000 killed

1891 King Pakketvaart sails to Netherlands Indies

1892 Ellis Island becomes reception center for new immigrants

1892 The Ellis Island Immigrant Station in New York formally opens.

1893 Japan adopts the Gregorian calendar

1894 Denmark adopts Mid-European time

1894 Manchester Ship Canal in England opens to traffic

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