1570 Tsar Ivan the terrible kills 1000-2000 residents of Novgorod

1613 Samuel de Champlain publishes two volumes of his Voyages, outlining his adventures from 1604 to 1612; with maps of Acadia and the St. Lawrence River

1666 New France Governor Daniel de Remy de Courcelle 1626-1698 leads a 500-man military campaign against the Mohawks

1718 France declares war on Spain

1760 Afghans defeat Marathas in battle of Barari Ghat

1788 Connecticut becomes 5th state

1792 Russia & Turkey sign Peace of Jassy

1793 Dutch Prince Willem V establishes 2 brigades Drive Artillery

1793 Jean Pierre Blanchard makes first balloon flight in North America (Philadelphia)

1793 Jean-Pierre Blanchard makes the first successful balloon flight in the U.S. His hydrogen-filled balloon lifts off in Philadelphia, PA and lands 15 miles away in Woodbury, NJ.

1799 Income Tax introduced in UK

1811 The first Women's Golf Tournament held

1812 Swedish Pomerania (Germany) seized by Napoleon

1839 Daguerrotype photo process announced at French Academy of Science

1839 Thomas Henderson measures first stellar parallax (Alpha Centauri)

1847 The first San Francisco newspaper published (California Star)

1848 People's uprising in Palermo Sicily

1848 The first commercial bank in San Francisco established

1854 Astor Library opens in New York City NY

1855 The clipper ship Guiding Star disappears in Atlantic, 480 dies

1857 7.9 earthquake shakes Fort Tejon CA

1861 Mississippi becomes 2nd state to secede

1861 The first hostile act of Civil War; Star of the West fired on, Sumter SC

1862 In Halifax, Nova Scotia the Grenadier Guards land to garrison the Citadel Fort

1866 Fisk University establishes

1879 Cheyenne prisoners led by Dull Knife revolt at Fort Robinson

1879 Kirland Warbler discovered on Andros Island in Bahamas

1880 6' (1.8 meters) of snow falls in Seattle in 5 days

1889 Near Queenston Ontario the Niagara Suspension Bridge collapses during a winter storm

1894 "Edison Kinetoscopic Record of a Sneeze" released in movie theaters

1899 Manitobans suffer record low temperature of -52.8 Celsius (-63 F)0

1901 New South Wales (918) defeat S Australia (157 & 156) by innings & 605

1903 Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota established

1905 Bloody Sunday-demonstrators fired on by tsarist troops

1908 Frans Schollaert succeeds De Trooz as premier of Belgium

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