1501 Cesare Borgia returns in triumph to Rome from Romagna

1536 François Rabelais absolved of apostasy by Pope Paul III

1562 Edict of St Germain recognizes the Huguenots in France

1584 Bohemia adopts the Gregorian calendar

1595 French king Henri IV declares war on Spain

1601 France gains Bresse, Bugey, Valromey & Gex in treaty with Spain

1656 Brandenburg & Sweden sign Treaty of Königsberg

1718 Avalanche destroys every building in Leukerbad, Switzerland; kills 53

1746 Battle of Falkirk, Scotland-Edward I defeats & massacres Scots

1746 The Jacobite Army, led by Lord George Murray, defeated Government forces under General Hawley. The last Jocobite victory.

1757 German Diet declares war on Prussia

1773 Captain James Cook becomes first to cross Antarctic Circle (66º 33' S)

1773 Resolution, under Captain James Cook, becomes the first ship to cross the Antarctic Circle.

1775 9 old women burnt as witches for causing bad harvests, Kalisk, Poland

1779 Captain Cook's last notation in ship's log Discovery

1800 Minor earthquake recorded in Sydney, Australia.

1806 James Madison Randolph, grandson of U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, becomes the first child born in the White House.

1806 The first baby was born in the White House, the grandson of President Thomas Jefferson.

1852 British recognize independence of Transvaal (in South Africa)

1861 Flush toilet (with seperate water tank and a pull chain) patented by Mr Thomas Crapper (Honest!)

1862 -Jan 22nd) BBT Fort Henry TN by USS Lexington

1863 Civil War skirmish near Newtown VA

1864 General Longstreet's command ends heavy fighting at Dandridge TN

1871 Andrew Hallikie received a patent for a cable car system that went into service in San Francisco in 1873.

1871 The first cable car patented, by Andrew S Hallidie (begins service in 1873)

1874 Armed Democrats seize Texas government ending Radical Reconstruction

1882 The first Dutch female physician Aletta Jacobs opens office

1885 British beat Mahdists at Battle of Abu Klea in the Sudan

1893 -17ºF (-27ºC), Millsboro DE (state record)

1893 Hawaii's Queen Liliuokalani abdicates the throne, bowing to pressure from sugar planters and businessmen.

1893 Queen Liliuokalani deposed, Kingdom of Hawaii becomes a republic

1893 Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii was deposed in a bloodless revolution and a provisional government established, with annexation by the United States as its aim.

1893 Rutherford B. Hayes, the 19th president of the U.S., dies in Fremont, Ohio, at age 70.

1895 French President Casimir-Perier resigns

1895 Félix Faure installed as President of France

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