1493 Last day for all Jews to leave Sicily

1552 Dutch west coast hit by heavy storm, 100s killed

1583 Holland begins use of Gregorian calendar

1598 Pope Clement VIII seizes duchy of Ferrara on death of Alfonso

1684 French king Louis XIV marries Madame Maintenon

1701 Parts of the Netherlands adopt the Gregorian calendar

1723 Handel's opera "Ottone" premieres, London

1755 Tsarina Elisabeth establishes first Russian University

1773 The first public museum in the U.S. is established in Charleston, South Carolina.

1777 Mission Santa Clara de Asis founded in California

1806 French evacuate Vienna

1807 Gunpowder-ship explodes in Leiden Netherlands, 150 die

1809 British take Cayenne (French Guiana) from the French (until 1814)

1812 The first load of cargo arrives in New Orleans by steam, from Natchez

1813 US Frigate Chesapeake captures British Volunteer

1816 France decrees Bonaparte family excluded from the country forever

1839 Anthracite coal first used to smelt iron, Mauch Chunk PA

1842 Franciscan nuns begin missionary work on Netherlands Antilles

1861 FL state troops demand surrender of Fort Pickens

1863 President Davis delivers his "State of the Confederacy" address

1865 Union fleet bombs Fort Fisher NC

1867 Leo Tolstoy's "Smert Ioonna Groznogo," premieres in St Petersburg

1879 British Zulu War begins Lieutenant-General Chelmsford invades Zululand

1896 The first X-ray photo in US (Dr Henry Smith, Davidson NC)

1900 Freeland Colony founded in US

1903 Harry Houdini performs at Rembrandt theater, Amsterdam

1903 Rhodes Opera House burns in Boyertown PA, killing 170

1904 Southwest-Africa uprising under Samuel Maherero against German garison

1906 First time Dow Jones closes above 100 (100.26)

1907 Britain grants responsible government to former colony of Transvaal

1912 -47ºF (-44ºC), Washta IA (state record)

1915 Congress establishes the Rocky Mountain National Park in the U.S.

1915 House of Representatives rejects proposal to give women the right to vote

1916 Britain proclaims Gilbert &Ellice Island colony in the Pacific

1916 SS Dromonby, built in 1900 for the Ropner fleet it was sunk by the German raider Moewe 180 miles nw of Fastnet Rock

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