1100 England's William II Rufus dies at age 44 after being struck by an arrow while hunting in the New Forest Sir Walter Tyrel is accused of having shot the arrow but flees the country to avoid a trial and then protests his innocence (Ralph of Aix is also accused)

1375 The first roller skating rink opens (London)

1492 Jews are expelled from Spain by King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella

1776 Formal signing of the Declaration of Independence

1798 British under Adm Horatio Nelson beat French at Battle of Nile

1802 The French make Bonaparte first consul for life August 2 and give him the right to name his successor

1858 The first street mailboxes-Boston, Mass

1864 2nd Saratoga Racetrack (NY) opens

1873 The first trial run of SF cable car, Clay Street between Kearny & Jones

1876 Wild Bill Hickok draws the Dead Man's Hand - a pair of aces and a pair of eights, when he was shot

1877 SF Public Library opens with 5,000 volumes

1903 Unsuccessful uprising of Macedonians against Turkey

1906 Chicago White Sox begin record 19 game win streak

1909 Army Air Corps formed as Army takes first delivery from Wright Brothers

1909 The first Lincoln head pennies minted

1914 Sherlock Holmes Adventure "His Last Bow" takes place

1921 Enrico Carus opera singer tenor, died

1924 Carroll O'Connor born (Archie Bunker in All in the Family)

1934 Death of Hindenberg. Hitler becomes head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Hitler proclaims himself "Fuehrer" and forces all military personnel to swear allegience to him.

1934 William Franks twirls an indian club overhead 17,280 times in 1 hour

1939 Hatch Act prohibits political activity by federal workers

1941 Jews are expelled from Hungarian Ruthenia

1943 PT-109, under command of LTJG John F. Kennedy, cut in half by Japanese cruiser

1943 Revolt in Treblinka.

1961 Beatles first gig as house band of Liverpool's Cavern Club

1961 St Louis Cards (NFL) beat Toronto Argonauts (CFL) 36-7 in Toronto

1962 NASA civilian test pilot Joseph A Walker takes X-15 to 32,600 m

1964 North Vietnam fires on a US destroyer in Gulf of Tonkin and so it starts

1964 Race riot in Jersey City NJ

1965 Morley Safer's sends first Vietnam report indicating we are losing

1966 Radio Vila (New Hebrides) begins transmitting

1967 US's Lunar Orbiter 5 launched; enters lunar orbit Aug 5

1972 Gold hits record $70 an ounce in London

1979 Gilda Radner Live From New York opens on Broadway

1980 US swimmers set 3 world records at National championships

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