0258 St Sixtus II ends his reign as Catholic Pope

0523 St Hormisdas ends his reign as Catholic Pope

0768 Constantine ends his reign as Catholic Pope

1181 Supernova observed by Chinese &Japanese astronomers

1787 Constitutional Convention in Phila begans debate

1806 Holy Roman Empire ends

1815 US flotilla ends piracy by Algiers, Tunis &Tripoli

1854 Congress passes Confiscation Act

1862 CSA ironclad "Arkansas" is badly damaged in Union attack

1864 Rebels evacuate Ft Powell, Mobile Bayd

1870 White conservatives suppresed black vote &captured Tenn legislature

1889 London's Savoy Hotel opens, the first British hotel to have private baths

1890 Cy Young pitches &wins 1st game

1890 First use of electric chair in US, John Hart, in NY for murder

1914 Austria-Hungary declares war against Russia

1914 Ellen Wilson Pres Wilson's wife, dies at 54

1914 Serbia declares war against Germany

1915 Battle of Lone Pine, Gallipoli starts – Seven Australians receive Victoria Crosses

1919 The first air flight over a major body of water in Australia (Harry Butler)

1921 Clason Point, Bronx to College Point, Queens muni ferry system begins

1926 Gertrude Ederle becomes first woman to swim the English Channel

1926 Warner Bros premiers Vitaphone sound-on-disc movie system

1927 The third Toronto Union Station is opened officially by Edward, Prince of Wales. It was opened to the public on August 11, but passengers had to walk across to the old station tracks. The first day on which trains used the new, elevated, tracks through the new station platform was January 31, 1930.

1934 US troops leave Haiti, which had been occupied since 1915

1944 Deportation of 70,000 jews from Lodz Poland to Auschwitz begins

1945 Hiroshima Peace Day-atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima by "Enola Gay"

1945 The first atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima, an explosion equal to 20,000 tons of TNT.

1946 US officially submits to jurisdiction of World Court

1948 Bob Mathias, US, wins decathlon at London Olympics

1948 Fanny Blankers-Koen from Netherlands is first women to win 3 golds at Olympics

1951 Typhoon floods kill 4,800 in Manchuria

1958 Glenn Davis sets record of 49.2 in 400-meter hurdles

1961 Gherman S Titov, 2nd Russian in space aboard Vostok 2 (17 orbits), 1st case of motion sickness in space reported

1962 Jamaica gains independence from Britain

1964 Sir Cedric Hardwicke actor (Capt Hook-Peter Pan), dies at 71

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