1647 Thomas Hooker clergyman, father of American democracy, dies

1668 Isaac Newton receives MA from Trinity College, Cambridge

1752 Joseph Marie Jacquard born French silk weaver Joseph Marie Jacquard was born. He perfected a loom that used punch cards to program various weaving patterns

1754 Kings College in NYC opens (renamed Columbia College)

1768 Firm of Johann Buddenbrook founded, in Thomas Mann's novel

1770 Russian fleet, with British sailors as officers, defeats Turkish navy at Tchesme, Turkey.

1813 John Macarthur ships 36 bales of wool from New South Wales to England

1838 Central American federation is dissolved

1846 US annexs California

1862 Land Grant Act endows state colleges with federal land

1863 The first military draft by US (exemptions cost $100)

1865 4 Lincoln assassination conspirators, including Mary Surratt, hanged

1865 Lewis Paine, David Herold, George Atzerodt, and Mary Surratt were executed for their role in a conspiracy to throw the Union government into turmoil.

1867 C H F Peters discovers asteroid #92 Undina

1891 Travelers cheque patented

1898 Pres McKinley signs resolution of annexation of Hawaiian Is

1898 US annexes Hawaii

1904 A Charlois discovers asteroid #537 Pauly

1905 127ø F (53ø C), Parker Ariz (state record)

1908 Great White Fleet leaves SF Bay

1911 Dorothea Lambert Chambers beats Dora Boothby 6-0, 6-0 in a record 25 minutes for Wimbeldon championship

1924 E Hertzsprung discovers asteroid #1702 Kalahari

1930 Construction begins on Boulder (Hoover) Dam

1934 Elizabeth Ryan wins her 12th Wimbeldon doubles championship

1937 Japanese & Chinese troops clash, which will become WW II

1941 Einsatzkommando 3 begins the systematic slaughter of Lithuanian Jewry.

1941 Sgt. James Allen Ward, 75 (NZ) Squadron, RAF, won the Victoria Cross over the Zuider See

1941 U.S. Forces Occupy Iceland During World War II, the neutral United States moved closer to war with Germany when U.S. forces landed on Iceland to take over its garrisoning from the British

1944 Horthy stops Hungarian deportations. Captain Rothmund of the Swiss Alien Police modifies on paper severe regulations concerning refoulement (sending back refugees).

1946 Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini canonized as first American saint

1948 6 female reservists become first women sworn into regular US Navy

1948 Cleveland Indians sign Leroy "Satchel" Paige

1949 "Dragnet" premiers on NBC radio; also a TV series in 1951 & 1967

1954 T.A.N.U. party founded in Tanzania

1956 7 Army trucks loaded with dynamite explode in the middle of Cali, Columbia killing 1,100-1,200, destroyimg 2,000 buildings

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