1572 Supernova is observed in the constellation known as Cassiopeia

1796 Death of Catherine II at age sixty-seven.

1813 Chilpancingo congress declares Mexico independent of Spain

1844 Spain grants Dominican Republic it's independence

1850 Yerba Buena and Angel Islands (San Francisco Bay) reserved for military use

1851 U.S. Navy expedition under command of LT William Lewis Herndon, on a mission to explore the valley of the Amazon and its tributaries, reaches Iquitos in the jungle region of the upper Amazon after their departure from Lima, Peru.

1860 Abraham Lincoln (R-Ill-Rep) elected 16th President

1861 Jefferson Davis elected to 6 year term as Confederate President

1862 NY-San Francisco direct telegraphic link established

1884 British protectorate proclaimed over southeast New Guinea

1885 US mint at Carson City, Nevada directed to close

1888 Benjamin Harrison (R-Sen-Indiana) beats President Grover Cleveland (D), 233 electoral votes to 168, Cleveland received slightly more votes

1900 President William McKinley (R) re-elected, beating William Jennings Bryan

1906 Charles Evans Hughes (R) elected NY gov beats William Randolph Hearst

1911 Francisco Madeiro inaugurated President of Mexico

1913 Mohandas K Gandhi arrested for leading Indian miners march in South Africa

1917 Bolshevik revolution begins with the capture of the Winter Palace

1917 Cpl. Colin F. Barron (3rd Cdn. Infantry Batt.) wins the Victoria Cross at Passchendaele, Belgium

1917 Prv. James Peter Robertson (27th Cdn. Infantry Batt.) wins the Victoria Cross at Passchendaele, Belgium

1918 Republic of Poland proclaimed

1924 Stanley Baldwin becomes PM of England

1928 Herbert Hoover (R) beats Alfred E Smith (D) for President

1935 The British Hawker Hurrican fighter plane is flowen for the first time, it was a key factor in the air war over Britian in WWII

1936 RCA displays TV for the press

1938 Herschel Grynszpan assassinates Ernst vom Rath, third secretary of the German embassy in Paris.

1939 WGY-TV (Schenectady, NY), first commercial TV station, begins service

1940 HMCS Ottawa is sunk by the Italian submarine DiBruno

1940 Roosevelt is elected President. Democrats keep House control.

1941 On Neutrality Patrol, USS Omaha (CL-4) and USS Somers (DD-381) intercept the German blockade runner Odenwald disguised as U.S. freighter, board her after the German crew abandoned the ship, and brought the ship to San Juan, Puerto Rico, where the boarding party was awarded salvage shares.

1944 Recognition of the future importance of turbojet and turboprop powerplants led the Bureau of Aeronautics to request the Naval Air Material Center to study requirements for a laboratory to develop and test gas-turbine powerplants

1951 Soviet aircraft shoot at Neptune Patrol bomber (VP-6) on weather reconnaissance mission near Siberia. U.S. aircraft fails to return.

1952 First hydrogen bomb exploded (by US at Eniwetok Atoll)

1956 Holland and Spain withdraw from Olympics, protest Soviets in Hungary

1956 President Eisenhower (D) re-elected defeating Adlai E Stevenson (R)

1957 Felix Gaillard becomes premier of France

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