0607 12th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet

1138 German king Koenraad II von Hohenstaufen crowned

1519 Cortez lands in México

1560 Spanish fleet occupies Djerba, at Tripoli

1564 Cardinal Granvelle flees Brussels

1567 Battle at Oosterweel Spanish troops destroy Geuzenleger

1569 Battle of Jarnac, Count of Anjou defeats Huguenots

1591 Battle at Tondibi Moroccans army under Judar beats sultan Askia Ishaq II of Songhai

1634 Académie Française opens

1639 Cambridge College renamed Harvard for clergyman John Harvard

1656 Jews are denied the right to build a synagogue in New Amsterdam

1677 Massachusetts gains title to Maine for $6,000

1735 The first US Moravian bishop, David Nitschmann, consecrated in Germany

1759 27th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet

1781 Sir William Herschel sees what he thinks is a comet but he really discovers the planet Uranus

1781 The German-born astronomer William Hershel discovers Uranus, the seventh planet from the sun and the third largest planet by diamete

1808 Denmark's demented Christian VII has died March 13 at age 59 after a 32-year reign

1809 Seven Swedish army officers break into the royal apartments March 13, seize the insane Gustav IV in a coup d'état, and conduct him to the château of Gripsholm

1852 Uncle Sam cartoon figure made its debut in the New York Lantern weekly

1859 John Brown 1800-1859 brings first black slaves to Canada from the US via the Underground Railway; he is later made famous in a song, John Brown's Body, about a raid he made on Harper's Ferry, Virginia.

1861 Jefferson Davis signs bill authorizing use of slaves as soldiers

1865 US Confederate Congress calls on black slaves for field service

1868 Senate begins President Andrew Johnson impeachment trial

1869 Arkansas legislature passes anti-Klan law

1878 Oxford defeats Cambridge in their first golf match

1881 In Russia, Czar Alexander II is killed near the Winter Palace by a hand-bomb thrown by a member of the "People’s Will," a militant wing of the Narodniki movement, which advocated socialist reform in Russia and the elimination of the central government

1884 Siege of Khartoum Sudan begins

1884 US adopts Standard Time

1885 In Victoria British Columbia, the Legislature passes Chinese Restriction; bans entry of Chinese immigrants, later ruled unconstitutional

1887 Chester Greenwood of Maine patents earmuffs

1888 Great Blizzard of 1888 rages

1894 J L Johnstone of England invents horse racing starting gate

1895 Spanish cruiser Reina Regente sinks off Gibraltar, 402 die

1900 British troops occupy Bloemfontein, Orange-Free state

1900 James William Tyrrell 1863-1945 starts 2,782 km survey trek from Great Slave Lake to Chesterfield Inlet.

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