1190 Jews of York England commit mass sucide rather than submit to baptism

1345 Holy spirit glides above fire; "the miracle of Amsterdam" (legend)

1517 Pope Leo X signs 5th Council of Lateranen

1521 Magelhaes' fleet discovers Zamal (Samar)

1521 Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan reaches Philippines

1527 Battle at Khanua Mogol Emperor Babur beats Rajputen

1621 Native American chief visits colony of Plymouth MA

1641 General court declares Rhode Island a democracy &adopts new constitution

1649 Jesuit priests Jean de Brébeuf 1593-1649 and Gabriel Lalement 1611-1649 are tortured by Iroquois invaders at St-Louis

1649 War party of more than 1000 Iroquois invade Huronia, capturing St-Ignace before sunrise; they will destroy all the villages and Jesuit missions in the area, and only 8 soldiers, 22 donnes and seven servants escape

1660 English Long Parliament disbands

1690 French king Louis XIV sends troops to Ireland

1730 Willem Charles Henry Friso installed as viceroy of Drenthe

1731 Treaty of Vienna Emperor Charles VI of England &Netherlands

1792 Murder attempt on King Gustavus III by count Ankarstrom at opera

1800 In Quebec, Jean-Joseph Casot 1728-1800, last Jesuit survivor of the French regime, dies at Quebec; the property of the order in Canada appropriates to the Crown.

1802 Law signed to establish US Military Academy (West Point NY)

1802 US army Corps of Engineers established (2nd time)

1815 Willem I proclaimed king of the Netherlands, including Belgium

1843 James Douglas 1803-1877 starts construction of Fort Camosun [Victoria]; first Hudson's Bay Company post on Vancouver Island.

1850 Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Scarlet Letter" published

1861 Arizona Territory votes to leave the Union

1861 Confederate government appoints commissioners to Britain

1862 Battle at Pound Gap KY Confederates separate battles

1865 Battle of Averasboro NC (1,500 casualities)

1869 Hiram R Revels makes the first official speech by a black in the Senate

1872 The first FA Cup Final Wanderers-Royal Engineers 1-0 in Bolton

1876 Nelly Saunders &Rose Harland fight first female boxing match (New York)

1877 Charles Bannerman completes first Test cricket century, 165 vs England

1882 US Senate ratifies treaty establishing the Red Cross

1897 Start of Sherlock Holmes "The Adventure of The Devil's Foot" (BG)

1900 Samuel Benfield Steele 1849-1919 commanding Lord Strathcona's Horse, embarks troops for South Africa; the regiment consists of 537 mounted troops recruited in Manitoba, BC and the NWT

1900 Sir Arthur Evans finds old city of Knossus

1906 Kagi, Formosa a 7.1 earthquake caused 1,300 deaths. One of the world's deadliest earthquakes.

1907 First first-class cricket game between New South Wales &Western Australia

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