1520 King Henry VIII of England orders bowling lanes at Whitehall

1582 Many Catholic countries switch to Gregorian calendar, skip 10 days

1641 Paul de Chomedy de Maisonneuve claims Montreal

1655 Jews of Lublin are massacred

1783 Jean Pilƒtre de Rozier makes captive-balloon ascent

1789 The first presidental tour-George Washington in New England

1815 Napoleon begins his exile on St. Helena, a remote Island in the Atlantic.

1844 Friedrich Nietzsche, Uebermensch born

1846 Dr William Thomas Green Morton 1st public use of ether

1860 11-year-old Grace Bedell writes to Lincoln, tells him to grow a beard

1863 Cliff House opens in SF (1st of many on the site)

1877 45th Congress (1877-79) convenes

1878 Edison Electric Light Company incorporated

1880 K”ln cathedral completed, 633 years after it begun

1881 The first American fishing magazine, American Angler published

1883 Supreme Court declares Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional

1883 US Supreme Court Opposes Civil Rights by a narrow decision, which would forbid racial discrimination

1885 Hoss Radbourne pitches his 60th win of the season

1890 Alabama Penny Savings Bank organizes in Birmingham

1914 ASCAP (American Society of Composers, Authors & Publishers) founded

1914 Clayton Antitrust Act passed

1917 Mata Hari Dutch dancer/German spy executed by firing squad in Paris

1917 USS Cassin (DD-43) torpedoed by German submarine U-61 off coast of Ireland. In trying to save the ship, Gunner's Mate Osmond Kelly Ingram becomes first American sailor killed in World War I and later is awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism. He becomes the first enlisted man to have a ship named for him, in 1919.

1919 14 horses begin 300-mile race from Vt to Mass for $1000 prize money

1921 Mario Puzo, novelist (The Godfather) born

1924 Lee Iacocca, Chrysler magnate born

1928 German dirigible "Graf Zeppelin" lands in Lakehurst, NJ

1937 Ernest Hemingway novel "To Have & Have Not" published

1939 LaGuardia Airport opens in NYC

1941 Jews caught outside the Polish Ghetto walls could be put to death

1945 French statesman Pierre Laval is executed for betraying his country to Nazis in World War Two.

1945 Pierre Laval former premier of Vichy France, executed

1946 Hermann Goering, founder of the Gestapo and chief of the German air force, committed suicide by poison

1948 First women officers on active duty sworn in as commissioned officers in regular Navy under Women's Service Integration Act of June 1948 by Secretary of the Navy John L. Sullivan CAPT Joy B. Hancock, USN; LCDR Winifred R. Quick, USN; LCDR Anne King, USN; LCDR Frances L. Willoughby, MC, USN; LT Ellen Ford, SC, USN; LT Doris Cranmore, MSC, USN; LTJG Doris A. Defenderfer, USN; and LTJG Betty Rae Tennant, USN.

1949 Administration of territory of Manipur taken over by Indian govt

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