1781 Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown at 2 PM; Revolutionary War ends

1812 Napoleon begins his retreat from Moscow

1849 Elizabeth Blackwell became first woman in US to receive medical degree

1853 First flour mill in Hawaii begins operations

1856 James Kelly & Jack Smith fight bareknuckle for 6h15m in Melbourne

1859 Wilhelm Tempel discovers diffuse nebula around Pleid star Merope

1870 Four blacks elected to House of Representatives

1872 World's largest gold nugget (215 kg) found in New South Wales

1889 Portugal's Luiz I dies at age 51 after a 28-year reign in which slavery has been abolished in every Portuguese colony

1901 Santos-Dumont proves airship maneuverable by circling Eiffel Tower

1912 Tripoli (Libya) passes from Turkish to Italian control

1919 First Distinguished Service Medal awarded to a woman

1933 Berlin Olympic Committee vote to introduce basketball in 1936

1933 Withdrawal of Germany from the League of Nations.

1943 Theater Guild presentation of "Othello" opens

1944 US forces land in Philipines

1945 Foundation of War Widow's Guild of Australia The guild's first president was Mrs Jessie Vasey, widow of Major-General GA Vasey, who had asked his wife to "look after the widows"

1950 UN forces entered the capital of North Korea

1953 First jet transcontinental nonstop scheduled service

1957 Maurice "Rocket" Richard, Montreal, Canada, became first NHLer to score 500 goals

1960 France grants Mauritania independence

1960 Martin Luther King Jr arrested in Atlanta sit-in

1960 The US imposes an embargo on exports to Cuba

1963 Beatles record "I Want to Hold Your Hand" released

1967 Mariner 5 makes fly-by of Venus

1968 Golden Gate Bridge charges tolls only for southbound cars

1977 Supersonic Concorde jet's first landing in NYC

1982 Automaker John DeLorean arrested on cocaine charges, found not guilty

1986 USSR expells 5 US diplomats

1987 "Black Monday"-Dow Jones down 508.32, 4 times previous record

1987 US warships destroy 2 Iranian oil platforms in Persian Gulf

1988 3 Americans win Nobel in physics; 3 W Germans win chemistry Nobel

1988 Britain bans broadcast interviews with IRA members

1988 Car bomb kills 7 Israelis, wounds 11 near Lebanon border

1988 S Afr anti-apartheid leader Sisulu wins $100,000 Human Rights prize

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