1582 Last day of the Julian calendar in Italy, many Catholic countries

1636 The first code of law for Plymouth Colony

1648 Peter Stuyvesant establishes Americas 1st volunteer firemen

1777 Battle of Germantown

1854 Honest Abe Lincoln made his first great political speech while attending the Illinois State Fair in Springfield.

1862 Battle of Corinth ends

1864 National black convention meets (Syracuse NY)

1864 New Orleans Tribune, first black daily newspaper, forms

1881 The player piano was invented by Edward Leveaux of Sussex, England, who received a patent for it this day.

1883 Orient Express' 1st run, linking Turkey to Europe by rail

1900 Start of Sherlock Holmes adventure "The Problem of Thor Bridge" (BG)

1901 Columbia (US) beats Shamrock II (England) in 12th America's Cup

1904 Frederic Auguste Bertholdi French sculptor ("Statue of Liberty") dies

1910 Portugal becomes a republic, King Manuel II flees to England

1912 Nicaraguan Gen Zeledon, opponent of US occupation, is executed

1916 Market Street's "Path of Gold" lit for 1st time

1922 The Canadian National Railway Company becomes a corporate entity (order in council P.C. 2094).

1923 Young Stribling held light-heavyweight boxing championship for the shortest amount of time (3 hrs). Referee overturns the decision

1926 Dahlia is officially designated as SF city flower

1931 " Extra! Extra! Read all about it!" Gumshoe Dick Tracy debuted in The Detroit Mirror. A week later, The New York Daily News and hundreds of others picked up the Chester Gould comic strip.

1931 The comic strip Dick Tracy by Chester Gould debuts

1933 Esquire magazine was published for the first time. Considered racy for its time, it pales in comparison to today’ s choices of reading material

1940 Adolph Hitler & Benito Mussolini confer at Brenner Pass in the Alps

1940 Wrestling returns to Madison Sq Garden after 12 year lay off

1948 Gordon MacRae hosted the premiere of a radio classic. The Railroad Hour debuted on ABC radio. The theme song was I’ ve Been Working on the Railroad and the show was sponsored by -- get ready ­ America’ s Railroads.

1949 American Contract Bridge League votes 58«% to keep blacks out

1954 Comedienne Spring Byington began the successful network TV series, December Bride -- on CBS.

1955 Rev Sun Young Moon leaves prison in Seoul

1957 "Leave It to Beaver," debuts on CBS

1957 Leave It to Beaver premiered on ABC-TV."..And starring Jerry Mathers as the Beaver," Hugh Beaumont (Ward Cleaver), Tony Dow (Wally), and Barbara Billingsley as Mrs. June Cleaver.

1957 USSR launches Sputnik I, the 1st artificial Earth satellite

1958 5th French republic established

1958 Transatlantic comercial jet passenger service began (BOAC)

1959 USSR Luna 3 sent back 1st photos of Moon's far side

1960 Courier 1B Launched; 1st active repeater satellite in orbit

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