0619 Boniface V begins his reign as Catholic Pope

1569 St Philip of Moscow martyred by Ivan the Terrible

1620 Construction on the Plymouth Settlement Begins

1672 Giovanni Cassini discovers Rhea, a satellite of Saturn

1690 John Flamsteed observes Uranus without realizing it's undiscovered

1776 Continental Congress negotiates a war loan of $181,500 from France

1776 Thomas Paine writes "These are the times that try men's souls"

1779 Benedict Arnold court-martialed for improper conduct

1783 Washington resigns as US Army's commander-in-chief

1788 Maryland votes to cede a 10 mile area for District of Columbia

1852 First Chinese theater in US, Celestial John, opens in San Francisco

1862 Union General Ben "Beast" Butler is proclaimed a "felon, outlaw & common enemy of mankind" by Jefferson Davis

1867 First self-made millionairess (Sarah Breedlove-hair straightener)

1893 The opera "Hansel und Gretel" is produced (Weimar)

1907 First all-steel passenger railroad coach completed, Altoona, Pa

1909 Albert becomes king of Belgium

1911 The opera "I Giojelli Della Madonna" is produced (Berlin)

1913 President Woodrow Wilson signs Federal Reserve Act into law

1919 First hospital ship built to move wounded naval personnel launched

1920 Ireland divided into 2 parts, each with its own parliament

1928 NBC sets up a permanent, coast-to-coast network

1930 Police Bureau of Criminal Alien Investigation started in New York NY

1941 American forces on Wake Island surrender to Japanese

1943 First telecast of a complete opera (Hansel and Gretel), Schenectady NY

1944 HMCS Clayoquot (Minesweeper) torpedoed off Halifax

1947 Transistor invented by Bardeen, Brattain and Shockley in Bell Labs

1948 Former Japanese prime minister is executed along with six other top Japanese leaders for their war crimes during World War II

1962 Cuba starts returning US prisoners from the Bay of Pigs invasion

1966 Britains rock TV show, "Ready Steady Go," last program

1968 82 members of US intelligence ship `Pueblo' released by North Korea

1968 Borman, Lovell and Anders become first men to orbit Moon

1968 First US case of space motion sickness

1972 16 plane crash survivors rescued after 70 days, survived by cannibalism

1972 Earthquake destroys central Managua, Nicaragua

1973 "The Young and the Restless" premiers on TV

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