0418 [Etalius] begins his reign as Catholic Pope

1610 Paris France, Hélène Boulle de Champlain, age 12, signs marriage contract with 40 year old Samuel de Champlain; daughter of a wealthy secretary to Louis XIII

1741 Prussian forces took Olmutz, Czechoslovakia

1845 Ether first used in childbirth in US, Jefferson GA

1850 Hawaiian Fire Department established

1859 The Grand Trunk Railway completes its line between Toronto and Sarnia and establishes a ferry service across the St. Clair River to Fort Gratiot (Port Huron).

1867 Ontario & Quebec legislatures hold first meeting

1869 First issue of the Ottawa Free Press newspaper published.

1869 Louis Riel 1844-1885 elected President of the Provisional Government of Rupert's Land and the North West; with powers to negotiate with Canadian Commissioner Donald A. Smith

1871 World's first cat show (Crystal Palace, London)

1887 Start of Sherlock Holmes "The Adventure of The Blue Carbuncle" (BG)

1892 Foundation Stone of the Cathedral of St John laid (New York NY)

1900 Carrie Nation's first public smashing of a bar (Carey Hotel, Wichita KS)

1901 Marlene Dietrich (Maria von Losch) actress in first German talkie is born

1903 "Sweet Adeline," a barbershop quartet favorite, is first sung

1903 The barbershop quartet favorite, Sweet Adeline, was sung for the first time -- in New York City

1906 First annual meeting of American Sociological Society, Providence, RI

1926 Depot Square in the Bronx renamed Botanical Square

1926 Latkin Square in Bronx named for first US Jewish soldier to die in WW I

1927 "Show Boat" opens at the Ziegfeld Theater (New York NY)

1927 In London England, the Daily Mail publishes the world's first wire photo, the invention of Winnipeg born engineer William Stephenson, later know as Intrepid, head of British security in North America during World War II.

1927 Stalin's faction wins All-Union Congress in USSR, Trotsky expelled

1932 Radio City Music Hall opens (New York NY)

1934 First youth hostel in US opens (Northfield, Mass)

1937 German immigration officials with no explanation bar Juan Carlos Zabala (Arg), 1932 Olympic marathon champion, from entering Germany

1939 Between 20,000 & 40,000 die in magnitude 8 quake (Erzincam Turkey)

1939 First American skimobiles (North Conway, NH)

1940 In New York City, Halifax born actress Ruby Keeler and her husband singer Al Jolson divorce after 12 years of marriage

1941 Japan bombs Manila even though it was declared an "open city"

1943 Curtis Veeder, the engineer who invented the modern automotive tachometer and odometer, died on this day

1943 Defending German paratroopers start to abandon town of Ortona after a week of fierce fighting with Maj-Gen Christopher Vokes' 1st Canadian Division; infantry from the Loyal Edmonton Regiment and the Seaforth Highlanders of Canada suffered heavy casualties; 1,372 Canadians killed in taking Ortona and environs.

1943 France transfers most of her powers in Lebanon to Lebanese government

1945 Allied Powers Agree to Divide Korea

1945 International Monetary Fund established-World Bank founded

1947 First "Howdy Doody Show," (Puppet Playhouse), telecast on NBC

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