1014 The German king Henry of Bavaria recognizes Benedict VIII as the rightful pope and is crowned at Rome February 14

1540 Emperor Charles V enters Ghent without resistance, executes rebels

1556 Archbishop Thomas Cranmer declared a heretic

1610 Polish king Sigismund III, Forges Dimitri #2 & Romanov family sign covenant against czar Vasili Shushki

1613 King James I's daughter Elizabeth marries Frederik

1630 Dutch fleet of 69 ships reaches Pernambuco Brazil

1663 Canada becomes a Royal Province of France.

1670 Roman Catholic emperor Leopold I chases Jews out of Vienna

1689 English parliament places Mary Stuart/Prince Willem III on the throne

1711 Handels opera Rinaldo, premieres

1746 Henry Pelham appointed English premier

1761 British troops occupy Fort Michilimackinac in Michigan

1766 Dutch governor Falck signs Treaty of Batticaloa with rebels

1778 The Star and Stripes (U.S. flag) makes its first appearance at a foreign port, flying aboard the ship Ranger, as it arrives in France.

1794 First US textile machinery patent granted, to James Davenport, Philadelphia PA

1803 Apple parer patented by Moses Coats, Downington PA

1803 Chief Justice John Marshall of the U S Supreme Court rules that any act of Congress which conflicts with the Constitution is null and void His decision in the case of Marbury v Madison February 14 establishes the Court as the ultimate interpreter of the Constitution

1848 James K Polk became first President photographed in office (Matthew Brady)

1859 Oregon becomes the 33rd state admitted to the Union.

1862 Galena, first US iron-clad warship for service at sea, launched, Connecticut

1867 Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection & Insurance Company issues first policy

1876 A G Bell & Elisha Gray apply separately for telephone patents; Supreme Court eventually rules Bell rightful inventor

1879 Chilean troops occupy Antofagasta

1889 First trainload of fruit (oranges) leaves Los Angeles for the east

1890 First New South Wales vs South Australia 1st-class cricket game

1894 Venus is both a morning star & evening star

1895 Oscar Wilde's "The Importance of Being Earnest" opens in London

1896 George Lohmann takes a hat-trick vs South Africa, 8-7 for inning

1896 South Africa all out for 30 vs England - their lowest ever

1899 President McKinley signs a bill making mechanical voting machines legal in the U.S.

1903 The U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor is established.

1912 Arizona is admitted to the Union, becoming the 48th state.

1912 First US submarines with diesel engines commissioned, Groton CT

1914 High Council of Labor forms in Hague Netherlands

1915 First Canadian Division arrives in France from England, and moves into Flanders.

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