1531 Henry VIII recognized as supreme head of the Church in England

1543 Battle at Wayna Daga Ethiopian/Portugese troops beat Moslem army

1543 Karel/Henry VIII sign anti-French covenant

1573 First European, Francis Drake sees the Pacific (from Panama)

1575 King Frederick of Denmark offers island of Hveen to Tycho Brahe

1638 Dutch countess Louise of Solms marries earl John of Brederode

1720 Sweden & Prussia sign peace (2nd Treaty of Stockholm)

1747 Claude de Ramezay and a group of Acadian guides attack the British position at Grand Pré

1752 Benjamin Franklin helps establish the Pennsylvania Hospital the nation's first hospital.

1766 Stamp Act declared unconstitutional in Virginia

1768 Samuel Adams letter, circulates around American colonies, opposing Townshend Act taxes

1778 On this day in 1778, some 300 people visit Voltaire following his return to Paris. Voltaire had been in exile for 28 years

1790 Society of Friends petitions Congress for abolition of slavery

1793 Prussian troops occupy Venlo Netherlands

1794 First session of US Senate open to the public

1808 Anthracite coal first burned as fuel, experimentally, Wilkes-Barre PA

1809 Robert Fulton patents the steamboat

1810 Napoleon marries Marie-Louise of Austria

1811 President Madison prohibits trade with Britain for 3rd time in 4 years

1812 Massachusetts Governor Elbridge Gerry signs a law that redistricts the state to the advantage of his party, causing opponents to coin the term gerrymandering.

1814 Norway's independence proclaimed

1840 Gaetano Donizetti's Opera "La Fille du Regiment," premieres in Paris

1843 Giuseppe Verdi's Opera "I Lombardi," premieres in Milan

1851 First cricket 1st-class game in Australia, Tasmania vs Victoria, Launceston

1852 First British public female toilet opens (Bedford Street London)

1854 Major streets lit by coal gas for first time

1858 First apparition of Mary to 14-year-old Bernadette of Lourdes France

1861 President-elect Lincoln takes train from Spingfield IL to Washington DC

1861 US House unanimously passes resolution guaranteeing noninterference with slavery in any state

1864 Major Charls Heaphy, Auckland Rifel Volunteers, won the Victoria Cross at Mangapiko River, Waikato during the New Zealand (Maori) Wars

1869 Patrick James Whelan c1840-1869 hanged in a snowstorm before a crowd of 5,000 people for the murder of Thomas D'Arcy McGee

1873 Spanish Cortes fires king Amadeus I

1878 First weekly Weather report published in UK

1889 The first Japanese written Constitution, handed by the Meiji emperor to his prime minister, Count Kuroda

1895 -17ºF (-27.2ºC) in Braemar, Grampian (UK record)

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