1208 St Francis of Assisi, 26, received his vocation in Portiuncula Italy

1296 Pope Boniface VIII degree Clericis Iaicos

1389 Battle at Falköping Danes defeat King Albert of Sweden

1496 England's Henry VII ends commercial dispute with Flanders

1510 Pope Julius II excommunicates the republic of Venice

1525 Battle at Pavia Emperor Karel V's troops beat French king, François I caught taken/8700 killed

1527 Ferdinand of Austria crowned as king of Bohemia

1528 János Zápolyai, Hungarian king, recognizes Sultan Suleiman's suzerainty

1530 First imperial coronation by a Pope, Charles V crowned by Clement V

1538 King Ferdinand of Austria & King János Zápolyai of Hungary sign Peace of Grosswardein

1541 Santiago, Chile founded by Pedro de Valvidia

1552 Privileges of the Hanseatic League in England are abrogated

1581 Pope Gregory approves the results of his calendar reform commission

1582 Pope Gregory XIII announces New Style (Gregorian) calendar

1597 Flemish painter Frederick of Valckenborch becomes porter of Frankfurt-on-Main

1607 Claudio Monteverdi's opera "Orfeo," premieres in Mantua

1613 English princess Elizabeth marries earl Frederik of Palts

1708 Prince Johan Willem Friso sworn in as viceroy of Groningen

1711 Handel's opera "Rinaldo" premieres, London

1779 George Rogers Clark captures Vincennes IN from British

1786 Charles Cornwallis appointed Governor-General of India

1793 French troops conquer Breda

1803 Supreme Court first rules a law unconstitutional (Marbury vs Madison)

1807 17 die & 15 wounded in a crush to witness execution of Holloway, Heggerty & Elizabeth Godfrey in England

1839 Steam shovel patented by William Otis, Philadelphia

1848 King Louis-Philippe abdicates, 2nd French republic declared

1855 US Court of Claims established for cases against the government

1857 First perforated US postage stamps delivered to the government

1857 Los Angeles Vineyard Society organized

1863 Arizona is organized as a U.S. territory.

1863 Forrest's raid on Brentwood TN

1864 Battle of Tunnel Hill GA (Buzzard's Roost)

1868 First US parade with floats (Mardi Gras-Mobile AL)

1868 The House of Representatives impeaches (but the Senate later acquits) U.S. President Andrew Johnson, following his attempt to dismiss War Secretary Edwin Stanton.

1876 Henrik Ibsen's "Peer Gynt," premieres in Oslo

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