1266 Battle of Benevento

1531 Earthquake in Lisbon Portugal, kills 20,000

1534 Pope Paul II affirms George van Egmond as bishop of Utrecht

1564 Christopher Marlowe, dramatist (Dr Faustus), baptized

1590 Mauritius of Nassaus sails to Breda

1616 Spanish Inquisition delivers injunction to Galileo

1732 Mass first celebrated in American Catholic church, (St Joseph's Church, Philadelphia)

1773 Construction authorized for Walnut St jail (Philadelphia) (1st solitary)

1797 Bank of England issues first £1-note

1798 David Thompson 1770-1857 sets off up Red River to explore headwaters of Mississippi

1804 Vice-Admiral William Bligh ends siege of Fort Amsterdam, Willemstad

1815 Napoleon & 1,200 leave Elba to start 100-day re-conquest of France

1838 Rensselaer Van Rensselaer invades Pelee Island in Lake Erie with 500 American sympathizers of the Canadian rebels

1839 Jem Mason on Lottery wins first Grand National Steeplechase (Britain)

1848 2nd French Republic forms

1848 Marx & Engels publish "The Communist Manifesto"

1852 British frigate Birkenhead sinks off South Africa-458 die

1859 Paul Morphy's chess match vs Augustus Mongredien begins; Morphy wins

1862 Battle of Woodburn, KY

1863 Lincoln signs National Currency Act

1866 New York Legislature establishes NYC Metropolitan Board of Health

1869 15th Amendment guaranteeing right to vote sent to states

1869 Franz Schubert's "4th Tragic," premieres

1870 First NYC subway line opens (pneumatic powered)

1881 Natal British troops under General-Major Colley occupy Majuba Hill

1881 SS Ceylon begins first round-the-world cruise from Liverpool

1884 British & Portuguese treaty signed in Congo by Leopold II

1885 Congress of Berlin, gives Congo to Belgium & Nigeria to England

1887 George Lohmann took first 8-wicket haul in Test Crickets, 8-35 at SCG

1891 First buffalo purchased for Golden Gate Park

1891 Henrik Ibsens "Hedda Gabler," premieres in Oslo

1893 2 Clydesdale horses set record by pulling 48 tons on a sledge, Michigan

1895 Michael Owens of Toledo OH patents a glass-blowing machine

1903 Richard Gattling, rapid-fire gun inventor, dies.

1907 Royal Oil & Shell merge to form British Petroleum (BP)

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