Aug 04 Retired British cavalry officer Philip Astley establishes first circus

Aug 13 American explosive device made by David Bushnell explodes near British vessel off New London, CT.

Aug 16 Americans defeat British in Battle of Bennington, Vt

Aug 03 La Scala Opera House in Milan opening

Sep 19 Battle of Freeman's Farm (Bemis Heights) or first Battle of Saratoga

Sep 20 Paoli massacre

Sep 27 Battle of Germantown; Washington defeated by the British

Sep 11 Battle of Brandywine, Pa; Americans lose to British

Sep 26 British troops occupy Philadelphia during the American Revolution

Sep 30 Congress, flees to York Pa, as British forces advance

Feb 13 Marquis de Sade arrested without charge, imprisoned in Vincennes fortress

Feb 05 Georgia becomes first US state to abolish both entail &primogeniture

Feb 16 Messier adds M53 to his catalog (globular cluster in Coma Berenice)

Feb 21 English ambassador Joseph Yorke demands dismissal of Governor John de Graaff for saluting US flag

Apr 16 Battle of Bennington-New England's Green Mountain Boys rout Brits

Apr 20 New York adopts new constitution as an independent state

Apr 30 The birth of Karl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician

Apr 26 Sybil Ludington, 16, rode from NY to Ct rallying her fathers militia

Nov 15 Articles of Confederation adopted by Continental Congress

Dec 23 The birth of Alexander I, Tsar of Russia during Napoleon's disastrous campaign

Dec 02 British General Howe plots attack on Washington's army for Dec 4

Dec 18 First national Thanksgiving Day, commemorating Burgoyne's surrender

Dec 19 Washington settles his troops at Valley Forge, Pa for the winter

Dec 12 Rev Benjamin Russen executed at Tyburn, England for rape

Dec 17 France recognizes independence of English colonies in America

May 12 The first ice cream advertisement (Philip Lenzi-New York Gazette)

May 13 University library at Vienna opens

Jul 02 Vermont becomes first American colony to abolish slavery

Jul 06 British Gen Burgoyne captures Fort Ticonderoga from Americans

Jul 04 John Paul Jones hoists first Stars and Stripes flag on Ranger at Portsmouth, NH.

Jul 08 Vt becomes first state abolishing slavery, adopts male sufferage

Jul 31 Marquis de Lafayette, 19, made major-general of Continental Army

Jun 13 Marquis de Lafayette lands in US

Jun 14 The Continental Congress, convening in Philadelphia, adopts the Stars and Stripes as the national flag.

Jun 14 Continental Congress adopts Stars & Stripes replacing Grand Union flag

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